Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| =Electrocardiogram= | | =Electrocardiogram= |
| + | |
| =Cardiac Physical Exam= | | =Cardiac Physical Exam= |
| + | |
| =Arrhythmias= | | =Arrhythmias= |
| + | SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> left/right bundles -> Purkinje fibers |
| * Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities | | * Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities |
| + | **H&P: syncope, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dizziness |
| + | **DDx: sinus brady, SSS, 1st degree AV block, 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 1), 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 2), 3rd degree AV block |
| + | **Tx: correct electrolytes/hypothermia, atropine/dopamine, transcutaneous pacing, transvenous pacing, leadless pacing, permanent pacemaker |
| * Tachyarrhythmias | | * Tachyarrhythmias |
| + | **H&P: palpitations, syncope |
| + | **DDx: Sinus tach, Afib, Aflutter, Vtach, Vfib, Vflutter, AVNRT, AVRT, WPW |
| + | **Tx: Stable vs. Unstable. Synchronized cardioversion vs DCCV. Vagal maneuvers, atropine, beta blockers, amiodarone, digoxin, diltiazem. Rate control superior to rhythm control most of the time. Calculate a CHAD2S2VASc for Afib patients. Consider cardioablation vs. watchman. Always get a TEE/cardioversion for chronic Afib. The most effective AC is warfarin. Best AC is usually DOAC because of once daily oral dosing. LMWH is an alternative if they can't have a DOAC. Aflutter can be 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 with fixed rates of 150, 100, and 75 respectively. |
| + | |
| =Congestive Heart Failure= | | =Congestive Heart Failure= |
| * Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF | | * Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF |
| * Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF | | * Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF |
| + | |
| =Cardiomyopathy= | | =Cardiomyopathy= |
| * Dilated Cardiomyopathy | | * Dilated Cardiomyopathy |
| * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | | * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy |
| * Restrictive Cardiomyopathy | | * Restrictive Cardiomyopathy |
| + | |
| =Coronary Artery Disease= | | =Coronary Artery Disease= |
| * Angina Pectoris | | * Angina Pectoris |
| * Prinzmetal Angina | | * Prinzmetal Angina |
| * Carotid Artery Stenosis | | * Carotid Artery Stenosis |
| + | |
| =Acute Coronary Syndromes= | | =Acute Coronary Syndromes= |
| * Unstable Angina/NSTEMI | | * Unstable Angina/NSTEMI |
| * STEMI | | * STEMI |
| + | |
| =Dyslipidemia= | | =Dyslipidemia= |
| + | |
| =Hypertension= | | =Hypertension= |
| * Primary Hypertension | | * Primary Hypertension |
| * Secondary Hypertension | | * Secondary Hypertension |
| * Hypertensive Crisis | | * Hypertensive Crisis |
| + | |
| =Pericardial Disease= | | =Pericardial Disease= |
| * Pericarditis | | * Pericarditis |
| * Cardiac Tamponade | | * Cardiac Tamponade |
| + | |
| =Valvular Heart Disease= | | =Valvular Heart Disease= |
| + | |
| =Vascular Diseases= | | =Vascular Diseases= |
| * Aortic Aneurism | | * Aortic Aneurism |