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| *Tx: [[AEDs]] (no first line agent, decide on a case-by-case basis). For [[status epilepticus]], ABCs, give IV lorazepam, fosphenytoin if seizure persists, consider induced coma if all else fails. | | *Tx: [[AEDs]] (no first line agent, decide on a case-by-case basis). For [[status epilepticus]], ABCs, give IV lorazepam, fosphenytoin if seizure persists, consider induced coma if all else fails. |
| ==Brain Death== | | ==Brain Death== |
− | *Must have SBP > 100, temp > 36°C, PaCO2 35-45, euvolemia, off all sedatives | + | *Dx: |
− | *If above conditions are met, test for brainstem reflexes: pupillary reflex (II, III), corneal reflex (V, VII), doll's eye reflex (III, IV, VI, VIII), and gag reflex (IX, X) | + | **Must have SBP > 100, temp > 36°C, PaCO2 35-45, euvolemia, off all sedatives |
− | *If no brainstem reflexes, do apnea test: positive if no breathing when PaCO2 is 60 mmHg or 20 mmHg higher than patient's baseline | + | **If above conditions are met, test for brainstem reflexes: pupillary reflex (II, III), corneal reflex (V, VII), doll's eye reflex (III, IV, VI, VIII), and gag reflex (IX, X) |
− | *If apnea test is equivocal, can do four vessel angiography, EEG, or duplex US | + | **If no brainstem reflexes, do apnea test: positive if no breathing when PaCO2 is 60 mmHg or 20 mmHg higher than patient's baseline |
− | *Rule out secondary causes of coma (e.g. test for severe hypoglycemia) | + | **If apnea test is equivocal, can do four vessel angiography, EEG, or duplex US |
| + | **Rule out secondary causes of coma (e.g. test for severe hypoglycemia) |
| | | |
| ==Vertigo== | | ==Vertigo== |