Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| Bones: | | Bones: |
− | The cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen through which the vertebral arteries and veins pass. | + | *The cervical vertebrae have a transverse foramen through which the vertebral arteries and veins pass. |
− | The transverse foramen of C8 contains only the vein, not the artery. | + | *The transverse foramen of C8 contains only the vein, not the artery. |
− | Atlas is the strongest cervical vertebrae. | + | *Atlas is the strongest cervical vertebrae. |
− | Axis has no body, just an anterior and posterior arch. | + | *Axis has no body, just an anterior and posterior arch. |
− | Ribs 11 and 12 attach only to the vertebrae, not the sternum. Furthermore, they articulate at a single costal facet on the vertebral body. | + | *Ribs 11 and 12 attach only to the vertebrae, not the sternum. Furthermore, they articulate at a single costal facet on the vertebral body. |
− | Rib 1 and 10 articulate with a superior and transverse costal facet respectively on the body and transverse process of their vertebrae. | + | *Rib 1 and 10 articulate with a superior and transverse costal facet respectively on the body and transverse process of their vertebrae. |
− | Ribs 8-10 are so-called “false ribs” because they articulate anteriorly with the costal cartilage of the ribs above them rather then with the sternum or manubrium. | + | *Ribs 8-10 are so-called “false ribs” because they articulate anteriorly with the costal cartilage of the ribs above them rather then with the sternum or manubrium. |
− | All other ribs articulate with three costal facets, one on the body, one on the transverse process, and one on the vertebra one level above. | + | *All other ribs articulate with three costal facets, one on the body, one on the transverse process, and one on the vertebra one level above. |
− | The navicular bone sits behind the small “navy” of cuneiform bones. | + | *The navicular bone sits behind the small “navy” of cuneiform bones. |