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| =Missed Concepts= | | =Missed Concepts= |
| + | *During vitamin B12 repletion, you should monitor '''serum potassium, which can drop as new RBCs are formed.''' |
| + | *'''Prolactin-secreting''' pituitary adenomas, including large ones, are first treated with '''oral dopamine antagonists''', whereas other pituitary adenomas are treated with surgery if large enough. |
| + | *Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is most commonly '''21-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypotension, low Na, high K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls), but can also be '''11β-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls) or '''17α-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, euglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in boys). |
| + | |
| + | =Thyroid= |
| *Workup of thyroid nodule almost always ends with FNA, the one exception is '''a patient without suspicious US findings or cancer risk factors, a low TSH, and a hot nodule on 123-Iodine scan (toxic adenoma).''' For these patients '''go straight to treatment (Methimazole pretreatment to achieve euthyroid > RF ablation vs. surgery)''' | | *Workup of thyroid nodule almost always ends with FNA, the one exception is '''a patient without suspicious US findings or cancer risk factors, a low TSH, and a hot nodule on 123-Iodine scan (toxic adenoma).''' For these patients '''go straight to treatment (Methimazole pretreatment to achieve euthyroid > RF ablation vs. surgery)''' |
| *Hashimoto thyroiditis can be associated with other autoimmune conditions such as atrophic gastritis (pernicious anemia). | | *Hashimoto thyroiditis can be associated with other autoimmune conditions such as atrophic gastritis (pernicious anemia). |
− | *During vitamin B12 repletion, you should monitor '''serum potassium, which can drop as new RBCs are formed.'''
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− | *Young, normal weight patient, without family history of diabetes presents with symptomatic DKA? '''T1DM'''
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| *Total T3 and T4 in pregnancy can be 1.5x normal range and still be physiologic. TSH is suppressed. '''There is no role for measuring free T4 in pregnancy''' | | *Total T3 and T4 in pregnancy can be 1.5x normal range and still be physiologic. TSH is suppressed. '''There is no role for measuring free T4 in pregnancy''' |
| + | *Amiodarone decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, but generally this self resolves in 6-9 months after treatment initiation. Amiodarone has a half-life of 100 days. |
| + | |
| + | =Glucose Homeostasis= |
| + | *One complication of SGLT2 inhibitors is '''euglycemic DKA with BG < 250, but still with an elevated AG and low pH.''' |
| *Hyperglycemia and catabolic symptoms (weight loss, urinary frequency) are indications for insulin. | | *Hyperglycemia and catabolic symptoms (weight loss, urinary frequency) are indications for insulin. |
− | *One complication of SGLT2 inhibitors is '''euglycemic DKA with BG < 250, but still with an elevated AG and low pH.''' | + | *Young, normal weight patient, without family history of diabetes presents with symptomatic DKA? '''T1DM''' |
− | *'''Prolactin-secreting''' pituitary adenomas, including large ones, are first treated with '''oral dopamine antagonists''', whereas other pituitary adenomas are treated with surgery if large enough.
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− | *Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia is most commonly '''21-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypotension, low Na, high K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls), but can also be '''11β-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, hypoglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in girls) or '''17α-hydroxylase deficiency''' (hypertension, low K, euglycemia, ambiguous genitalia in boys).
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− | *Amiodarone decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, but generally this self resolves in 6-9 months after treatment initiation. Amiodarone has a half-life of 100 days.
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| =Electrolyte Imbalanaces= | | =Electrolyte Imbalanaces= |