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Line 12: − − − [https://login.liboff.ohsu.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med14&DO=10.1016%2fj.jfma.2016.10.015 Long-term use of opioids in 210 officially registered patients with chronic noncancer pain in Taiwan: A cross-sectional study.] − − Source − − Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 116(4):257-265, 2017 Apr. − − Authors − − Lin TC; Ger LP; Pergolizzi JV Jr; Raffa RB; Wang JO; Ho ST − − Abstract − − BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain has been strictly regulated for two decades in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to survey the patients' perspectives and potential drawbacks following long-term use of opioids. − − METHODS: An observational cross-sectional survey using the Taiwanese version of Brief Pain Inventory was conducted among outpatients with chronic noncancer pain registered by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. Patients were also asked about their sexual behavior, depression, opioid misuse behaviors, and use of complementary and alternative medicine. − − RESULTS: For 210 of 328 outpatients (64.0%), the median pain duration was 96 months and opioid treatment duration was 57 months. The median morphine equivalent dose was 150 mg/d, with 30.5% of patients exceeding the daily watchful dose, defined as 200 mg of morphine equivalent dose. Pain reduction after taking opioids was ~50% in the past week. The top three diagnoses were chronic pancreatitis, spinal cord injury, and neuralgia. The leading side effects were constipation (46.7%), and decreased sexual desire (69.5%) and satisfaction (57.9%). Depression was currently diagnosed in 55.2% of patients. Twenty patients (9.5%) displayed at least one aberrant behavior in the past month. Only 76 (36.2%) patients had ever received nerve block procedures, and 118 (56.2%) tried complementary and alternative medicine. − − CONCLUSION: This nationwide survey described the concurrent pain intensity, daily function, and various adverse effects by long-term opioids among 210 monitored outpatients with chronic noncancer pain in Taiwan. More efforts are suggested to reduce opioid prescriptions in the 30% of patients exceeding daily watchful dose. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Opioids, such as morphine and oxycodone, are widely used for pain management associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, their impact on the progression and pain sensitivity of CP has never been evaluated. This report investigates the impact of opioid use on the severity of CP, pain sensitivity, and the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, CP, CP with morphine/oxycodone, and either morphine or oxycodone alone groups. CP was induced by administration of caerulein (50ug/kg/h, i.p. hourly x7, twice a week for 10 weeks). The mouse-to-pancreas weight ratio, histology, and Sirius red staining were performed to measure CP severity. Tail flick and paw pressure assays were used to measure thermal and mechanical pain. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Germ-free mice were used to validate the role of gut microbiome in sensitizing acute pancreatic inflammation. Opioid treatment exacerbates CP by increasing pancreatic necrosis, fibrosis, and immune-cell infiltration. Opioid-treated CP mice exhibited enhanced pain hypersensitivity and showed distinct clustering of the gut microbiome compared to untreated CP mice, with severely compromised gut barrier integrity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from opioid-treated CP mice into germ-free mice resulted in pancreatic inflammation in response to a suboptimal caerulein dose. Together, these analyses revealed that opioids worsen the severity of CP and induce significant alterations in pain sensitivity and the gut microbiome in a caerulein CP mouse model. Microbial dysbiosis plays an important role in sensitizing the host to pancreatic inflammation.
Opioids, such as morphine and oxycodone, are widely used for pain management associated with chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, their impact on the progression and pain sensitivity of CP has never been evaluated. This report investigates the impact of opioid use on the severity of CP, pain sensitivity, and the gut microbiome. C57BL/6 mice were divided into control, CP, CP with morphine/oxycodone, and either morphine or oxycodone alone groups. CP was induced by administration of caerulein (50ug/kg/h, i.p. hourly x7, twice a week for 10 weeks). The mouse-to-pancreas weight ratio, histology, and Sirius red staining were performed to measure CP severity. Tail flick and paw pressure assays were used to measure thermal and mechanical pain. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Germ-free mice were used to validate the role of gut microbiome in sensitizing acute pancreatic inflammation. Opioid treatment exacerbates CP by increasing pancreatic necrosis, fibrosis, and immune-cell infiltration. Opioid-treated CP mice exhibited enhanced pain hypersensitivity and showed distinct clustering of the gut microbiome compared to untreated CP mice, with severely compromised gut barrier integrity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from opioid-treated CP mice into germ-free mice resulted in pancreatic inflammation in response to a suboptimal caerulein dose. Together, these analyses revealed that opioids worsen the severity of CP and induce significant alterations in pain sensitivity and the gut microbiome in a caerulein CP mouse model. Microbial dysbiosis plays an important role in sensitizing the host to pancreatic inflammation.