Xenon recycling

Last Updated 7/16/24. Ovid Medline Search Strategy:

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1 Xenon/ (4750) 2 Recycling/ (7025) OR harvesting.mp. (54413) OR recapture.mp. (5204) OR capture.mp. (172877) OR recovery.mp. (624609) 3 1 and 2 (119) 4 from 3 keep 15,19,37,51,57,111,115 (7)

Xenon/ and (Recycling/ or harvesting.mp. or recapture.mp. or capture.mp. or recovery.mp.)

(15) Xenon Recovery by DD3R Zeolite Membranes: Application in Anaesthetics. [Review]

Source

 Angewandte Chemie. International Ed. in English. 58(43):15518-15525, 2019 10 21.

Authors

 Wang X; Zhang Y; Wang X; Andres-Garcia E; Du P; Giordano L; Wang L; Hong Z; Gu X; Murad S; Kapteijn F

Abstract

 Xe is only produced by cryogenic distillation of air, and its availability is limited by the extremely low abundance. Therefore, Xe recovery after usage is the only way to guarantee sufficient supply and broad application. Herein we demonstrate DD3R zeolite as a benchmark membrane material for CO2 /Xe separation. The CO2 permeance after an optimized membrane synthesis is one order magnitude higher than for conventional membranes and is less susceptible to water vapour. The overall membrane performance is dominated by diffusivity selectivity of CO2 over Xe in DD3R zeolite membranes, whereby rigidity of the zeolite structure plays a key role. For relevant anaesthetic composition (<5 % CO2 ) and condition (humid), CO2 permeance and CO2 /Xe selectivity stabilized at 2.0x10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and 67, respectively, during long-term operation (>320 h). This endows DD3R zeolite membranes great potential for on-stream CO2 removal from the Xe-based closed-circuit anesthesia system. The large cost reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude by membrane Xe-recycling (>99+%) allows the use of the precious Xe as anaesthetics gas a viable general option in surgery. Copyright © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Publication Type

 Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.. Review.

(19) Tunable Porous Coordination Polymers for the Capture, Recovery and Storage of Inhalation Anesthetics.

Source

 Chemistry-A European Journal. 23(33):7871-7875, 2017 Jun 12.

Authors

 Abrahams BF; Dharma AD; Donnelly PS; Hudson TA; Kepert CJ; Robson R; Southon PD; White KF

Abstract

 The uptake of inhalation anesthetics by three topologically identical frameworks is described. The 3D network materials, which possess square channels of different dimensions, are formed from the relatively simple combination of ZnII centres and dianionic ligands that contain a phenolate and a carboxylate group at opposite ends. All three framework materials are able to adsorb N2 O, Xe and isoflurane. Whereas the framework with the widest channels is able to adsorb large quantities of the various guests from the gas phase, the frameworks with the narrower channels have superior binding enthalpies and exhibit higher levels of retention. The use of ligands in which substituents are bound to the aromatic rings of the bridging ligands offers great scope for tuning the adsorption properties of the framework materials. Copyright © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Publication Type

 Journal Article.

(37) A xenon recirculating ventilator for the newborn piglet: developing clinical applications of xenon for neonates.

Source

 European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 29(12):577-85, 2012 Dec.

Authors

 Faulkner SD; Downie NA; Mercer CJ; Kerr SA; Sanders RD; Robertson NJ

Abstract

 CONTEXT: The clinical applications of xenon for the neonate include both anaesthesia and neuroprotection. However, due to the limited natural availability of xenon, special equipment is required to administer and recapture the gas to develop xenon as a therapeutic agent.

  OBJECTIVE: In order to test the xenon recirculating ventilator for the application of neuroprotection in a preclinical trial, our primary objective was to test the efficiency, reliability and safety of administering 50% xenon for 24 h in hypoxic ischaemic piglets.

  DESIGN: A prospective observational study.

  SETTING: Institute for Women's Health, University College London, January 2008 to March 2008.

  ANIMALS: Four anaesthetised male piglets, less than 24 h old, underwent a global hypoxic ischaemic insult for approximately 25 min prior to switching to the xenon recirculating ventilator.

  INTERVENTION: Between 2 and 26 h after hypoxic ischaemia, anaesthetised piglets were administered a mixture of 50% xenon, air, oxygen and isoflurane.

  MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was blood gas PaCO2 (kPa) and secondary outcome measure was xenon gas use (l h), over the 24-h duration of xenon administration.

  RESULTS: The xenon recirculating ventilator provided effective ventilation, automated control of xenon/air gas mixtures, and stable blood gas PaCO2 (4.5 to 6.3 kPa) for 24 h of ventilation with the xenon recirculating ventilator. Total xenon use was minimal at approximately 0.6 l h at a cost of approximately 8 h. Additional features included an isoflurane scavenger and bellows height alarm.

  CONCLUSION: Stable gas delivery to a piglet with minimal xenon loss and analogue circuitry made the xenon recirculating ventilator easy to use and it could be modified for other large animals and noble gas mixtures. The technologies, safety and efficiency of xenon delivery in this preclinical system have been taken forward in the development of neonatal ventilators for clinical use in phase II clinical trials for xenon-augmented hypothermia and for xenon anaesthesia.

Publication Type

 Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.

(51) Closed-circuit xenon delivery using a standard anesthesia workstation.

Source

 Anesthesia & Analgesia. 110(1):101-9, 2010 Jan 01.

Authors

 Rawat S; Dingley J

Abstract

 BACKGROUND: Xenon (Xe) is an anesthetic with minimal side effects, now also showing promise as a neuroprotectant both in vitro and in vivo. Although scarce and expensive, Xe is insoluble and patient uptake is low, making closed circuits the optimum delivery method. Although the future of Xe anesthesia is uncertain, effective neuroprotection is highly desirable even if moderately expensive. A factor limiting Xe research in all these fields may be the perceived need to purchase special Xe anesthesia workstations that are expensive and difficult to service. We investigated the practicality of 1) true closed-circuit Xe delivery using an unmodified anesthesia workstation with gas monitoring/delivery attachments restricted to breathing hoses only, 2) a Xe delivery protocol designed to eliminate wastage, and 3) recovering Xe from exhaled gas.

  METHODS: Sixteen ASA physical status I/II patients were recruited for surgery of > 2 h. Denitrogenation with 100% oxygen was started during induction and tracheal intubation under propofol/remifentanil anesthesia. This continued after operating room transfer for 30 min. All fresh gases were then temporarily stopped, metabolic oxygen consumption then being replaced with 250-mL Xe boluses until F(I)Xe = 50%. A basal oxygen fresh gas flow was thereafter restored with additional Xe given as required via the expiratory hose to maintain a F(I)Xe > or = 50%. At no time, apart from during circle flushes every 90 min, were the bellows allowed to completely fill and spill gas, ensuring the circle remained closed. On termination of anesthesia, the first 10 exhaled breaths were collected as was residual gas from the circle, allowing measurement of the Xe content of each.

  RESULTS: Total Xe consumption, including initial wash-in and circle flushes, was 12.62 (5.31) L or 4.95 (0.82) L/h, mean (sd). However, consumption during maintenance periods was lower: 3 L/h at 1 h and 2 L/h thereafter. Of the total Xe used, 8.98% (5.94%) could be recovered at the end of the procedure.

  CONCLUSIONS: We report that closed-circuit Xe delivery can be achieved with a modified standard anesthesia workstation with breathing hose alterations only and that the protocol was very gas efficient, especially during the normally wasteful Xe wash-in. A Xe mixture of > or = 50% was delivered for up to 341 min (5 h 41 min) and Xe consumption was 4.95 (0.82) L/h, maintenance being achieved with 2-3 L/h. With this degree of efficiency, Xe recovery/recycling at the end of anesthesia may be of little additional benefit.

Publication Type

 Journal Article.

(57) A cryogenic machine for selective recovery of xenon from breathing system waste gases.

Source

 Anesthesia & Analgesia. 105(5):1312-8, table of contents, 2007 Nov.

Authors

 Dingley J; Mason RS

Abstract

 BACKGROUND: Xenon has many characteristics that make it very attractive as an anesthetic and therapeutic drug. Unfortunately, the supply of xenon is fixed, and therefore reclamation and recovery from even the most efficient breathing circuits is desirable. We built and evaluated a cryogenic device to recover xenon from waste anesthetic gases.

  METHODS: Xenon was selectively frozen to -139.2 degrees C from test gas mixtures at ambient pressure (STP). The machine ran on standard 240 V 13 A electrical current without refrigerants that required replenishing, e.g., liquid nitrogen. A wide range of xenon/oxygen mixtures were processed over a range of freezing chamber temperatures. Efflux gas and thawed reclaimed xenon were collected separately. Xenon purity and yield (fraction recovered) were measured and calculated on each occasion.

  RESULTS: Gas was processed at 300 mL/min, and the operating temperature was -139.2 (0.096) degrees C [Mean (sd)]. Purity and yield were >90% and >70% for gas mixtures containing > or =20% xenon, increasing to >95% and >85%, respectively, with an input gas xenon fraction > or =40%. Efficiency improved linearly with reducing temperature.

  CONCLUSIONS: Xenon of high purity (>90%) and yield (>70%) for such a machine was recovered from all gas mixtures containing > or =20% xenon. The operating temperature of the freezing chamber is a major influence on the efficiency of recovery.

Publication Type

 Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.

(111) A recovery system for hyperbaric xenon.

Source

 Medical & Biological Engineering. 12(3):386-8, 1974 May.

Authors

 Porter AL

Publication Type

 Journal Article.

(115) Recovery of 133 Xe from the expired gas in lung function studies.

Source

 International Journal of Applied Radiation & Isotopes. 22(12):785-6, 1971 Dec.

Authors

 Vaalburg W; Peset R; Beekhus H; Woldring MG; Tammeling GJ

Publication Type

 Journal Article.