Difference between revisions of "Cardiology"
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=Electrocardiogram= | =Electrocardiogram= | ||
| + | |||
=Cardiac Physical Exam= | =Cardiac Physical Exam= | ||
| + | |||
=Arrhythmias= | =Arrhythmias= | ||
| + | SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> left/right bundles -> Purkinje fibers | ||
* Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities | * Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities | ||
| + | **H&P: syncope, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dizziness | ||
| + | **DDx: sinus brady, SSS, 1st degree AV block, 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 1), 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 2), 3rd degree AV block | ||
| + | **Tx: correct electrolytes/hypothermia, atropine/dopamine, transcutaneous pacing, transvenous pacing, leadless pacing, permanent pacemaker | ||
* Tachyarrhythmias | * Tachyarrhythmias | ||
| + | **H&P: palpitations, syncope | ||
| + | **DDx: Sinus tach, Afib, Aflutter, Vtach, Vfib, Vflutter, AVNRT, AVRT, WPW | ||
| + | **Tx: Stable vs. Unstable. Synchronized cardioversion vs DCCV. Vagal maneuvers, atropine, beta blockers, amiodarone, digoxin, diltiazem. Rate control superior to rhythm control most of the time. Calculate a CHAD2S2VASc for Afib patients. Consider cardioablation vs. watchman. Always get a TEE/cardioversion for chronic Afib. The most effective AC is warfarin. Best AC is usually DOAC because of once daily oral dosing. LMWH is an alternative if they can't have a DOAC. Aflutter can be 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 with fixed rates of 150, 100, and 75 respectively. | ||
| + | |||
=Congestive Heart Failure= | =Congestive Heart Failure= | ||
* Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF | * Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF | ||
* Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF | * Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF | ||
| + | |||
=Cardiomyopathy= | =Cardiomyopathy= | ||
* Dilated Cardiomyopathy | * Dilated Cardiomyopathy | ||
* Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | * Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy | ||
* Restrictive Cardiomyopathy | * Restrictive Cardiomyopathy | ||
| + | |||
=Coronary Artery Disease= | =Coronary Artery Disease= | ||
* Angina Pectoris | * Angina Pectoris | ||
* Prinzmetal Angina | * Prinzmetal Angina | ||
* Carotid Artery Stenosis | * Carotid Artery Stenosis | ||
| + | |||
=Acute Coronary Syndromes= | =Acute Coronary Syndromes= | ||
* Unstable Angina/NSTEMI | * Unstable Angina/NSTEMI | ||
* STEMI | * STEMI | ||
| + | |||
=Dyslipidemia= | =Dyslipidemia= | ||
| + | |||
=Hypertension= | =Hypertension= | ||
* Primary Hypertension | * Primary Hypertension | ||
* Secondary Hypertension | * Secondary Hypertension | ||
* Hypertensive Crisis | * Hypertensive Crisis | ||
| + | |||
=Pericardial Disease= | =Pericardial Disease= | ||
* Pericarditis | * Pericarditis | ||
* Cardiac Tamponade | * Cardiac Tamponade | ||
| + | |||
=Valvular Heart Disease= | =Valvular Heart Disease= | ||
| + | |||
=Vascular Diseases= | =Vascular Diseases= | ||
* Aortic Aneurism | * Aortic Aneurism | ||
Revision as of 01:20, 16 December 2022
Electrocardiogram
Cardiac Physical Exam
Arrhythmias
SA node -> AV node -> bundle of His -> left/right bundles -> Purkinje fibers
- Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Abnormalities
- H&P: syncope, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, dizziness
- DDx: sinus brady, SSS, 1st degree AV block, 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 1), 2nd degree AV block (Mobitz 2), 3rd degree AV block
- Tx: correct electrolytes/hypothermia, atropine/dopamine, transcutaneous pacing, transvenous pacing, leadless pacing, permanent pacemaker
- Tachyarrhythmias
- H&P: palpitations, syncope
- DDx: Sinus tach, Afib, Aflutter, Vtach, Vfib, Vflutter, AVNRT, AVRT, WPW
- Tx: Stable vs. Unstable. Synchronized cardioversion vs DCCV. Vagal maneuvers, atropine, beta blockers, amiodarone, digoxin, diltiazem. Rate control superior to rhythm control most of the time. Calculate a CHAD2S2VASc for Afib patients. Consider cardioablation vs. watchman. Always get a TEE/cardioversion for chronic Afib. The most effective AC is warfarin. Best AC is usually DOAC because of once daily oral dosing. LMWH is an alternative if they can't have a DOAC. Aflutter can be 2:1, 3:1, or 4:1 with fixed rates of 150, 100, and 75 respectively.
Congestive Heart Failure
- Systolic Dysfunction/HFrEF
- Non-systolic Dysfunction/HFpEF
Cardiomyopathy
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Coronary Artery Disease
- Angina Pectoris
- Prinzmetal Angina
- Carotid Artery Stenosis
Acute Coronary Syndromes
- Unstable Angina/NSTEMI
- STEMI
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
- Primary Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Hypertensive Crisis
Pericardial Disease
- Pericarditis
- Cardiac Tamponade
Valvular Heart Disease
Vascular Diseases
- Aortic Aneurism
- Aortic Dissection
- Deep Venous Thrombosis
- Peripheral Arterial Disease
- Lymphedema