Gastroenterology
Esophageal Pathology
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GERD
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PUD
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IBD
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IBS
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Diarrhea
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- Dx: For chronic diarrhea, send stool microscopy, electrolytes, and fat content.
- Tx: For acute viral gastroenteritis. Diet recommendation is to resume normal eating without excessive sugars
Celiac Sprue
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UGIB
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LGIB
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- Dx: Angiodysplasias (e.g. AVMs) are associated with AS, vWD, and ESRD. Workup for hematochezia is colonoscopy if HDS, resuscitate, ± surgery/IR consult, EGD if HDUS.
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Pancreatitis
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- Dx: Thiazide diuretics and most loop diuretics are in important cause of drug-induced pancreatitis.
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Approach to LFTs
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- Dx: GGT measurement helps differentiate if elevated alk phos is from liver (elevated) or bone (normal)
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Gallstone Disease
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- Dx: Cholestatic pattern of elevated bilirubin and alk phos, Charcot triad for ascending cholangitis includes RUQ pain, fever, jaundice.
- Tx: For acute/ascending cholangitis, treat with ERCP within 24-48 hrs
Viral and Non-viral Hepatitis
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Cirrhosis and Ascites
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Acetaminophen Toxicity
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Heredity Hemochromatosis
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Wilson Disease
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α1-Antitrypsin Disease
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Autoimmune Hepatitis
- H&P: Young to middle-aged women. Painless hepatomegaly.
- Dx: Elevated AST and ALT, normal ALK and TBili. ANA and anti smooth muscle antibodies are positive.
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PBC
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PSC
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Missed Concepts
- Food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis shows up at 1-4 weeks of age with blood and mucus streaked stools. Treat by eliminating dairy from the maternal diet. It is benign and self-limited.