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→Valvular Heart Disease
* Maneuvers increase afterload (hand grip, standing, valsalva), preload (passive leg raise, squatting, lying down), or both (vagal).
* Maneuvers increase afterload (hand grip, standing, valsalva), preload (passive leg raise, squatting, lying down), or both (vagal).
* Endocarditis: Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Splinter hemorrhages
==Endocarditis==
* '''Bicuspid aortic valve is one of the most common congenital heart defects (about 1% of the population). Can do balloon valvuloplasty in young adults who are symptomatic young adults (or asymptomatic if participating in competitive sports or planning on pregnancy) who have aortic stenosis with peak gradient > 50 mmHg and no AR or aortic valve calcifications.'''
*H&P: Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, Splinter hemorrhages
*Dx: TTE or TEE
*Tx: Long course of IV antibiotics
==Bicuspid Aortic Valve==
*H&P: One of the most common congenital heart defects (about 1% of the population, M>F). Systolic ejection murmur at right upper sternal border.
*Dx: TTE
*Tx: Consider balloon valvuloplasty in young adults who are '''symptomatic (or asymptomatic if participating in competitive sports or planning on pregnancy) who have aortic stenosis with peak gradient > 50 mmHg and no AR or aortic valve calcifications.''' Screen for '''thoracic aortic aneurysm, including in 1st degree relatives'''. More likely to get endocarditis.
=Vascular Diseases=
=Vascular Diseases=