Changes

115 patients age >65 and ASA 1-2 undergoing orthopaedic surgery were randomly assigned to four groups. In the dexmedetomidine groups, the infusion rate was 0.4 mcg/kg/hr. BIS was maintained between 40-60 during the procedure. All anesthetics were discontinued at the end of the case. "The duration to eye opening and extubation were longer in the [Sevo Dex] group compared to those in the [Sevo NS] group (10.0 min vs. 13.8 min, and 11.7 min vs. 15.7 min, P = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the recovery times between the TIVA groups regardless of whether dexmedetomidine was used." - [https://bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12871-015-0127-4 BMC Anesthesiology 2015 Kim et al.]

* 115 patients age >65 and ASA 1-2 undergoing orthopaedic surgery were randomly assigned to four groups. In the dexmedetomidine groups, the infusion rate was 0.4 mcg/kg/hr. BIS was maintained between 40-60 during the procedure. All anesthetics were discontinued at the end of the case. "The duration to eye opening and extubation were longer in the [Sevo Dex] group compared to those in the [Sevo NS] group (10.0 min vs. 13.8 min, and 11.7 min vs. 15.7 min, P = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the recovery times between the TIVA groups regardless of whether dexmedetomidine was used." In addition, VAS pain scores and RASS agitation scores were lower in the dex groups. - [https://bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12871-015-0127-4 BMC Anesthesiology 2015 Kim et al.]