Dexmedetomidine

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115 patients age >65 and ASA 1-2 undergoing orthopaedic surgery were randomly assigned to four groups. In the dexmedetomidine groups, the infusion rate was 0.4 mcg/kg/hr. BIS was maintained between 40-60 during the procedure. All anesthetics were discontinued at the end of the case. "The duration to eye opening and extubation were longer in the [Sevo Dex] group compared to those in the [Sevo NS] group (10.0 min vs. 13.8 min, and 11.7 min vs. 15.7 min, P = 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the recovery times between the TIVA groups regardless of whether dexmedetomidine was used." - BMC Anesthesiology 2015 Kim et al.