Xenon recycling
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1 Xenon/ (4750) 2 Recycling/ (7025) 3 harvesting.mp. (54413) 4 recapture.mp. (5204) 5 capture.mp. (172877) 6 recovery.mp. (624609) 7 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 (851731) 8 1 and 7 (119) 9 from 8 keep 8,14-15,17-19,21,37-38,51,57,111,115 (13)
Source
Advanced science. 9(13):e2104136, 2022 05.
Authors
Zafonte RD; Wang L; Arbelaez CA; Dennison R; Teng YD
Abstract
Gaseous molecules have been increasingly explored for therapeutic development. Here, following an analytical background introduction, a systematic review of medical gas research is presented, focusing on tissue protections, mechanisms, data tangibility, and translational challenges. The pharmacological efficacies of carbon monoxide (CO) and xenon (Xe) are further examined with emphasis on intracellular messengers associated with cytoprotection and functional improvement for the CNS, heart, retina, liver, kidneys, lungs, etc. Overall, the outcome supports the hypothesis that readily deliverable "biological gas" (CO, H2 , H2 S, NO, O2 , O3 , and N2 O) or "noble gas" (He, Ar, and Xe) treatment may preserve cells against common pathologies by regulating oxidative, inflammatory, apoptotic, survival, and/or repair processes. Specifically, CO, in safe dosages, elicits neurorestoration via igniting sGC/cGMP/MAPK signaling and crosstalk between HO-CO, HIF-1alpha/VEGF, and NOS pathways. Xe rescues neurons through NMDA antagonism and PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha/ERK activation. Primary findings also reveal that the need to utilize cutting-edge molecular and genetic tactics to validate mechanistic targets and optimize outcome consistency remains urgent; the number of neurotherapeutic investigations is limited, without published results from large in vivo models. Lastly, the broad-spectrum, concurrent multimodal homeostatic actions of medical gases may represent a novel pharmaceutical approach to treating critical organ failure and neurotrauma. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review. Systematic Review. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Year of Publication
2022
Xenon anesthesia and beyond: pros and cons. [Review]
Source
Minerva Anestesiologica. 85(1):83-89, 2019 01.
Authors
Jin Z; Piazza O; Ma D; Scarpati G; De Robertis E
Abstract
Xenon is a colorless and odorless noble gas, licensed for human use as an anesthetic gas as well as a radiological marker. The MAC of this gas is about 63% but xenon anesthesia is associated with fast recovery of cognitive function and cardiovascular stability. Nevertheless, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) incidence for xenon anesthesia is very high. It has been reported that Xenon has cytoprotective effects that may have therapeutic values in both CNS protection, and in organ graft preservation. Currently, there are few studies about the effect of xenon on ischemia reperfusion injury of transplantable organs and insufficient clinical data upon its effect on intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure. We shortly review the pros and cons of xenon as an anesthetic agent.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Review.
Year of Publication
2019
Xenon Recovery by DD3R Zeolite Membranes: Application in Anaesthetics. [Review]
Source
Angewandte Chemie. International Ed. in English. 58(43):15518-15525, 2019 10 21.
Authors
Wang X; Zhang Y; Wang X; Andres-Garcia E; Du P; Giordano L; Wang L; Hong Z; Gu X; Murad S; Kapteijn F
Abstract
Xe is only produced by cryogenic distillation of air, and its availability is limited by the extremely low abundance. Therefore, Xe recovery after usage is the only way to guarantee sufficient supply and broad application. Herein we demonstrate DD3R zeolite as a benchmark membrane material for CO2 /Xe separation. The CO2 permeance after an optimized membrane synthesis is one order magnitude higher than for conventional membranes and is less susceptible to water vapour. The overall membrane performance is dominated by diffusivity selectivity of CO2 over Xe in DD3R zeolite membranes, whereby rigidity of the zeolite structure plays a key role. For relevant anaesthetic composition (<5 % CO2 ) and condition (humid), CO2 permeance and CO2 /Xe selectivity stabilized at 2.0x10-8 mol m-2 s-1 Pa-1 and 67, respectively, during long-term operation (>320 h). This endows DD3R zeolite membranes great potential for on-stream CO2 removal from the Xe-based closed-circuit anesthesia system. The large cost reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude by membrane Xe-recycling (>99+%) allows the use of the precious Xe as anaesthetics gas a viable general option in surgery. Copyright © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.. Review.
Year of Publication
2019
Source
Paediatric Anaesthesia. 28(8):726-738, 2018 08.
Authors
Devroe S; Lemiere J; Van Hese L; Gewillig M; Boshoff D; Poesen K; Van de Velde M; Rex S
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In adults, xenon has only minimal hemodynamic side effects when compared with other anesthetics. Moreover, in preclinical experiments, xenon has been demonstrated to possess cardio- and neuroprotective properties. Altogether, the favorable hemodynamic profile combined with its potential for organ-protection could render xenon an attractive option for anesthesia in children with cardiovascular compromise.
AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore safety and feasibility of sevoflurane-augmented xenon anesthesia in school-aged children and to assess early postoperative neurocognitive effects of xenon-sevoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia when compared to a control group that did not have anesthesia.
METHODS: Forty children aged 4-12 years, suffering from congenital heart disease, undergoing diagnostic or interventional cardiac catheterization were randomized to either xenon-augmented sevoflurane anesthesia or sevoflurane alone. Safety was assessed by the incidence of intraprocedural hemodynamic instability and feasibility by anesthetic depth and respiratory profile. In addition, neurocognitive performance was assessed preoperatively, 2 hours after discharge from PACU and at 24 hours after anesthesia using the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks system. A healthy control group of 22 age- and gender-matched children not exposed to anesthesia underwent an identical neurocognitive test battery, at comparable time intervals.
RESULTS: Overall hemodynamics did not differ between groups. Xenon-sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in decreased intraoperative ephedrine requirements (median [IQR]) (0.00 mg/kg [0.00-0.00] vs 0.00 mg/kg [0.00-0.01], P = 0.047). Only neurocognitive tests in the domain of alertness were significantly impaired 2 hours postoperatively in both anesthesia groups in comparison with the control group (alertness variability: P = 0.02, odds ratio 5.8), but recovered at 24 hours. For working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and motor coordination tasks, no significant interaction effects of anesthesia were found in the early postoperative period.
CONCLUSION: In this pilot trial, xenon-augmented sevoflurane anesthesia in school-aged children was feasible, and associated with decreased ephedrine requirements. All children exposed to anesthesia showed impaired neurocognitive performance in the immediate postoperative period when compared to control children; however, without significant differences between both treatment groups. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publication Type
Clinical Trial, Phase II. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Year of Publication
2018
Source
Paediatric Anaesthesia. 27(12):1210-1219, 2017 Dec.
Authors
Devroe S; Meeusen R; Gewillig M; Cools B; Poesen K; Sanders R; Rex S
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Xenon has repeatedly been demonstrated to have only minimal hemodynamic side effects when compared to other anesthetics. Moreover, in experimental models, xenon was found to be neuroprotective and devoid of developmental neurotoxicity. These properties could render xenon attractive for the anesthesia in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease. However, experience with xenon anesthesia in children is scarce.
AIMS: We hypothesized that in children undergoing cardiac catheterization, general anesthesia with a combination of sevoflurane with xenon results in superior hemodynamic stability, compared to sevoflurane alone.
METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled clinical trial, children with a median age of 12 [IQR 3-36] months undergoing diagnostic/interventional cardiac catheterization were randomized to either general anesthesia with 50-65vol% xenon plus sevoflurane or sevoflurane alone. The primary outcome was the incidence of intraprocedural hemodynamic instability, defined as the occurrence of: (i) a heart rate change >20% from baseline; or (ii) a change in mean arterial blood pressure >20% from baseline; or (iii) the requirement of vasopressors, inotropes, chronotropes, or fluid boluses. Secondary endpoints included recovery characteristics, feasibility criteria, and safety (incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative vomiting.
RESULTS: After inclusion of 40 children, the trial was stopped as an a priori planned blinded interim analysis revealed that the overall rate of hemodynamic instability did not differ between groups [100% in both the xenon-sevoflurane and the sevoflurane group. However, the adjuvant administration of xenon decreased vasopressor requirements, preserved better cerebral oxygen saturation, and resulted in a faster recovery. Xenon anesthesia was feasible (with no differences in the need for rescue anesthetics in both groups).
CONCLUSION: Our observations suggest that combining xenon with sevoflurane in preschool children is safe, feasible, and facilitates hemodynamic management. Larger and adequately powered clinical trials are warranted to investigate the impact of xenon on short- and long-term outcomes in pediatric anesthesia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial.
Year of Publication
2017
Source
Chemistry-A European Journal. 23(33):7871-7875, 2017 Jun 12.
Authors
Abrahams BF; Dharma AD; Donnelly PS; Hudson TA; Kepert CJ; Robson R; Southon PD; White KF
Abstract
The uptake of inhalation anesthetics by three topologically identical frameworks is described. The 3D network materials, which possess square channels of different dimensions, are formed from the relatively simple combination of ZnII centres and dianionic ligands that contain a phenolate and a carboxylate group at opposite ends. All three framework materials are able to adsorb N2 O, Xe and isoflurane. Whereas the framework with the widest channels is able to adsorb large quantities of the various guests from the gas phase, the frameworks with the narrower channels have superior binding enthalpies and exhibit higher levels of retention. The use of ligands in which substituents are bound to the aromatic rings of the bridging ligands offers great scope for tuning the adsorption properties of the framework materials. Copyright © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
Year of Publication
2017
Source
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 29:65-74, 2016 Mar.
Authors
Hou B; Li F; Ou S; Yang L; Zhou S
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To summarize and evaluate the available data describing the recovery parameters of xenon anesthesia.
DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING: Anesthesia for elective surgeries.
PATIENTS: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from databases including Medline (1964-2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, 1990-2012), and Google Scholar (1966-2013).
INTERVENTIONS: Inhalation of xenon or other anesthetics was administered in elective surgery.
MEASUREMENTS: Recovery parameters (time to recovery, alertness/sedation scale scores at "eye opening," bispectral index at "reaction on demand," time to extubation, and time to orientation).
MAIN RESULTS: Eleven RCTs (N = 661 patients) met the inclusion criteria. Recovery from xenon anesthesia was significantly faster in terms of the time to eye opening (mean difference [MD], -4.18 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI], -5.03 to -3.32 minutes; P < .00001), the time to reaction on demand (MD, -5.35 minutes; 95% CI, -6.59 to -4.11 minutes; P < .00001), the time to extubation (MD, -4.49 minutes; 95% CI, -5.40 to -3.58 minutes; P < .00001), and the time to orientation (MD, -4.99 minutes; 95% CI, -6.45 to -3.52 minutes; P < .00001).
CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis confirmed that recovery from xenon anesthesia is faster than other inhalation anesthesia. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article. Meta-Analysis. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Review. Systematic Review.
Year of Publication
2016
Source
European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 29(12):577-85, 2012 Dec.
Authors
Faulkner SD; Downie NA; Mercer CJ; Kerr SA; Sanders RD; Robertson NJ
Abstract
CONTEXT: The clinical applications of xenon for the neonate include both anaesthesia and neuroprotection. However, due to the limited natural availability of xenon, special equipment is required to administer and recapture the gas to develop xenon as a therapeutic agent.
OBJECTIVE: In order to test the xenon recirculating ventilator for the application of neuroprotection in a preclinical trial, our primary objective was to test the efficiency, reliability and safety of administering 50% xenon for 24 h in hypoxic ischaemic piglets.
DESIGN: A prospective observational study.
SETTING: Institute for Women's Health, University College London, January 2008 to March 2008.
ANIMALS: Four anaesthetised male piglets, less than 24 h old, underwent a global hypoxic ischaemic insult for approximately 25 min prior to switching to the xenon recirculating ventilator.
INTERVENTION: Between 2 and 26 h after hypoxic ischaemia, anaesthetised piglets were administered a mixture of 50% xenon, air, oxygen and isoflurane.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was blood gas PaCO2 (kPa) and secondary outcome measure was xenon gas use (l h), over the 24-h duration of xenon administration.
RESULTS: The xenon recirculating ventilator provided effective ventilation, automated control of xenon/air gas mixtures, and stable blood gas PaCO2 (4.5 to 6.3 kPa) for 24 h of ventilation with the xenon recirculating ventilator. Total xenon use was minimal at approximately 0.6 l h at a cost of approximately 8 h. Additional features included an isoflurane scavenger and bellows height alarm.
CONCLUSION: Stable gas delivery to a piglet with minimal xenon loss and analogue circuitry made the xenon recirculating ventilator easy to use and it could be modified for other large animals and noble gas mixtures. The technologies, safety and efficiency of xenon delivery in this preclinical system have been taken forward in the development of neonatal ventilators for clinical use in phase II clinical trials for xenon-augmented hypothermia and for xenon anaesthesia.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Year of Publication
2012
Xenon-induced inhibition of synchronized bursts in a rat cortical neuronal network.
Source
Neuroscience. 214:149-58, 2012 Jul 12.
Authors
Uchida T; Suzuki S; Hirano Y; Ito D; Nagayama M; Gohara K
Abstract
Xenon (Xe) and other inert gases produce anesthesia via an inhibitory mechanism in neuronal networks. To better understand this mechanism, we measured the electrical signals from cultured rat cortical neuronal networks in a multi-electrode array (MEA) under an applied Xe pressure. We used the MEA to measure the firing of the neuronal network with and without Xe gas pressurized to 0.3MPa. The MEA system monitored neuronal spikes on 16 electrodes (each 50x50mum(2)) at a sampling rate of 20kHz. The embryo rat cortical cells were first cultured on MEAs without Xe for approximately 3weeks, at which time they produced synchronized bursts that indicate maturity. Then, with an applied Xe pressure, the synchronized bursts quickly ceased, whereas single spikes continued. The Xe-induced inhibition-recovery of neuronal network firing was reversible: after purging Xe from the system, the synchronized bursts gradually resumed. Thus, Xe did not inhibit single neuron firing, yet reversibly inhibited the synaptic transmission. This finding agrees with the channel-blocker and a modified-hydrate hypothesis of anesthesia, but not the lipid-solubility hypothesis. Copyright © 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication Type
Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Year of Publication
2012
Closed-circuit xenon delivery using a standard anesthesia workstation.
Source
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 110(1):101-9, 2010 Jan 01.
Authors
Rawat S; Dingley J
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Xenon (Xe) is an anesthetic with minimal side effects, now also showing promise as a neuroprotectant both in vitro and in vivo. Although scarce and expensive, Xe is insoluble and patient uptake is low, making closed circuits the optimum delivery method. Although the future of Xe anesthesia is uncertain, effective neuroprotection is highly desirable even if moderately expensive. A factor limiting Xe research in all these fields may be the perceived need to purchase special Xe anesthesia workstations that are expensive and difficult to service. We investigated the practicality of 1) true closed-circuit Xe delivery using an unmodified anesthesia workstation with gas monitoring/delivery attachments restricted to breathing hoses only, 2) a Xe delivery protocol designed to eliminate wastage, and 3) recovering Xe from exhaled gas.
METHODS: Sixteen ASA physical status I/II patients were recruited for surgery of > 2 h. Denitrogenation with 100% oxygen was started during induction and tracheal intubation under propofol/remifentanil anesthesia. This continued after operating room transfer for 30 min. All fresh gases were then temporarily stopped, metabolic oxygen consumption then being replaced with 250-mL Xe boluses until F(I)Xe = 50%. A basal oxygen fresh gas flow was thereafter restored with additional Xe given as required via the expiratory hose to maintain a F(I)Xe > or = 50%. At no time, apart from during circle flushes every 90 min, were the bellows allowed to completely fill and spill gas, ensuring the circle remained closed. On termination of anesthesia, the first 10 exhaled breaths were collected as was residual gas from the circle, allowing measurement of the Xe content of each.
RESULTS: Total Xe consumption, including initial wash-in and circle flushes, was 12.62 (5.31) L or 4.95 (0.82) L/h, mean (sd). However, consumption during maintenance periods was lower: 3 L/h at 1 h and 2 L/h thereafter. Of the total Xe used, 8.98% (5.94%) could be recovered at the end of the procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: We report that closed-circuit Xe delivery can be achieved with a modified standard anesthesia workstation with breathing hose alterations only and that the protocol was very gas efficient, especially during the normally wasteful Xe wash-in. A Xe mixture of > or = 50% was delivered for up to 341 min (5 h 41 min) and Xe consumption was 4.95 (0.82) L/h, maintenance being achieved with 2-3 L/h. With this degree of efficiency, Xe recovery/recycling at the end of anesthesia may be of little additional benefit.
Publication Type
Journal Article.
Year of Publication
2010
[ https://login.liboff.ohsu.edu/login?url=http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med6&DO=10.1213%2f01.ane.0000278148.56305.72 A cryogenic machine for selective recovery of xenon from breathing system waste gases.]
Source
Anesthesia & Analgesia. 105(5):1312-8, table of contents, 2007 Nov.
Authors
Dingley J; Mason RS
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Xenon has many characteristics that make it very attractive as an anesthetic and therapeutic drug. Unfortunately, the supply of xenon is fixed, and therefore reclamation and recovery from even the most efficient breathing circuits is desirable. We built and evaluated a cryogenic device to recover xenon from waste anesthetic gases.
METHODS: Xenon was selectively frozen to -139.2 degrees C from test gas mixtures at ambient pressure (STP). The machine ran on standard 240 V 13 A electrical current without refrigerants that required replenishing, e.g., liquid nitrogen. A wide range of xenon/oxygen mixtures were processed over a range of freezing chamber temperatures. Efflux gas and thawed reclaimed xenon were collected separately. Xenon purity and yield (fraction recovered) were measured and calculated on each occasion.
RESULTS: Gas was processed at 300 mL/min, and the operating temperature was -139.2 (0.096) degrees C [Mean (sd)]. Purity and yield were >90% and >70% for gas mixtures containing > or =20% xenon, increasing to >95% and >85%, respectively, with an input gas xenon fraction > or =40%. Efficiency improved linearly with reducing temperature.
CONCLUSIONS: Xenon of high purity (>90%) and yield (>70%) for such a machine was recovered from all gas mixtures containing > or =20% xenon. The operating temperature of the freezing chamber is a major influence on the efficiency of recovery.
Publication Type
Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Year of Publication
2007
A recovery system for hyperbaric xenon.
Source
Medical & Biological Engineering. 12(3):386-8, 1974 May.
Authors
Porter AL
Publication Type
Journal Article.
Year of Publication
1974
Recovery of 133 Xe from the expired gas in lung function studies.
Source
International Journal of Applied Radiation & Isotopes. 22(12):785-6, 1971 Dec.
Authors
Vaalburg W; Peset R; Beekhus H; Woldring MG; Tammeling GJ
Publication Type
Journal Article.
Year of Publication
1971