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→Neuraxial Labor Analgesia and Gastric Emptying
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| [https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.238-az0373.x?sid=Ovid%3Amedline Reynolds et al Anes 1997] || 56 women in labor, >36 weeks gestation, singleton, cephalad, no systemic opioids || Women had epidurals placed and were given 1.5g of paracetamol, then had serum levels measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minute timepoints. || Women were randomly assigned to either 0.125% bupivacaine solution or 0.0625% bupivacaine with 2.5 mcg/ml fentanyl, with continuous infusion rate titrated to effect. Rescue boluses of 5 ml 0.25% bupivacaine were given as needed. In study A, 28 women received paracetamol after 30 ml (75 mcg of fentanyl), while in study B it was after 40-50 ml (100-125 mcg of fentanyl). || No significant differences in AUC, peak concentration, or time to peak concentration in study A. In study B, the time to max concentration was delayed in the fentanyl group.
| [https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1997.238-az0373.x?sid=Ovid%3Amedline Reynolds et al Anes 1997] || 56 women in labor, >36 weeks gestation, singleton, cephalad, no systemic opioids || Women had epidurals placed and were given 1.5g of paracetamol, then had serum levels measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minute timepoints. || Women were randomly assigned to either 0.125% bupivacaine solution or 0.0625% bupivacaine with 2.5 mcg/ml fentanyl, with continuous infusion rate titrated to effect. Rescue boluses of 5 ml 0.25% bupivacaine were given as needed. In study A, 28 women received paracetamol after 30 ml (75 mcg of fentanyl), while in study B it was after 40-50 ml (100-125 mcg of fentanyl). || No significant differences in AUC, peak concentration, or time to peak concentration in study A. In study B, the time to max concentration was delayed in the fentanyl group.
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| [https://ovidsp.dc2.ovid.com/ovid-new-b/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=EGLNFPLEIIEBMLKBIPKJOFPFCBGDAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi%3f%26Titles%3dS.sh.20%257c13%257c50%26FORMAT%3dtitle%26FIELDS%3dTITLES%26S%3dEGLNFPLEIIEBMLKBIPKJOFPFCBGDAA00&fromjumpstart=0&directlink=https%3a%2f%2fovidsp.dc2.ovid.com%2fovftpdfs%2fFPEBIPPFOFKBII00%2ffs047%2fovft%2flive%2fgv024%2f00000539%2f00000539-199710000-00022.pdf&filename=A+Comparison+of+the+Effect+of+Intrathecal+and+Extradural+Fentanyl+on+Gastric+Emptying+in+Laboring+Women.&navigation_links=NavLinks.S.sh.20.13&PDFIdLinkField=%2ffs047%2fovft%2flive%2fgv024%2f00000539%2f00000539-199710000-00022&link_from=S.sh.20%7c13&pdf_key=B&pdf_index=S.sh.20&D=medall Mirakhur et al Anes and Analg 1997] || 105 parturiants || Acetaminophen absorption assay was done in women getting neuraxial labor analgesia || Neuraxial analgesia was administered with bupivacaine and 25 mcg intrathecal fentanyl, 50 mcg epidural fentanyl, or no opioid, CMax, TMax, and AUC were measured at 60 and 120 min ||
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